"There are a number of factors that support healthy child development , starting with the affection and healthy relationships , protection , access to quality health services , the existence of places to play , proper nutrition and social inclusion "said Gina Tambini , director of the Department of Family , Gender and Life Course PAHO / WHO .
The care-giving parents and carers have a fundamental role to play in promoting the potential of all children . From feeding a day and have vaccines to stimulate practices and standards adopted by the whole family , such as hand washing , personal hygiene or sleep under insecticide-treated nets to prevent malaria transmission , inter alia, contribute to increase child survival.
Between 1990 and 2011 , neonatal deaths in Latin America and the Caribbean fell by 55 % and 65 % among children under 5 years. 57% of child deaths a year occur before 28 days , mostly in the first week of life , whereas these deaths represent 44 % among those occurring before age 5, according to the PAHO / WHO .
However, there are inequities between countries in the region. While in Haiti and Bolivia 87 and 51 children die under age 5 per 1000 live births respectively in Chile in Cuba killed 8 and 6. Most infant deaths within the first month of life can be prevented with adequate access to quality care , through specific evidence-based interventions .
Providing quality care to sick children and improve access to care and prevention are some of the challenges in the Americas. To increase coverage a new multisectoral approach focused on equitable access to health services , focused on the primary care level , gender and cultural diversity is necessary.
" We must bring health to excluded families , such as indigenous peoples, Afro-descendants , displaced and those living in remote or inaccessible areas," Tambini said. " Children are subject to existing rights and we advocate for them ," he said .
PAHO / WHO is working with countries of the Americas to improve the health of children through an integrated health care strategy that goes a healthy pregnancy and birth to age five . It also seeks to improve the training of health workers in case management , health systems and health practices within families and communities.
In 1954 the General Assembly of the United Nations recommended that all countries institute a Universal Children's Day, in order to promote activities for the sake of children. On 20 November, marks the day on which the Assembly adopted the Declaration on the Rights of the Child in 1959 and the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989.
PAHO was established in 1902 and is the world's oldest international public health organization . Works with all countries on the continent to improve the health and quality of life of people in the region. It is the Regional Office for the Americas of WHO and specialized health agency of the American system .
in numbers
* About 8 million children die before their fifth year of life in the world .
* Approximately two-thirds of child deaths are preventable with practical low-cost interventions .
* Nearly 40 % of children under five who die each year are newborn infants.
Leading causes of death among children under five
* Pneumonia ( 18%)
* Complications of preterm birth (14 % )
Diarrhea (11% )
* Perinatal asphyxia (9 % )
* Malaria ( 7% )
* Other conditions (41 % )
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